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From the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in April 1949 through the Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the 9/11 terrorist attacks and recent operations and partnerships to emerging security challenges, discover NATO and its history.” NATO Homepage: http://www.nato.int This video contains ITN Source copyrighted library material licensed by NATO. This video's ITN Source copyrighted library material licensed by NATO cannot be used as part of a new production without consent of the copyright holder. “If there is anything certain today, if there is anything inevitable in the future, it is the will of the people of the world, for freedom and for peace.” 1949 Signing of the North Atlantic Treaty 1950 Korean War 1952 Greece and Turkey join NATO 1954 Germany is invited to join NATO 1955 Germany joins NATO 1955 Warsaw Pact established 956 Suez Canal crisis 1956 Hungarian revolution 1958 Creation of European Economic Community after signing of Rome Treaty 1961 Berlin Wall built 1962 Cuban missile crisis 1966 France withdraws from NATO’s integrated military command 1967 NATO opens its new headquarters in Brussels Paul Vanden Boeynants 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia by five Warsaw Pact countries 1969 Apollo 11 lands; first man sets foot on the moon 1973 Oil crisis leads to global recession 1970s-1980s NATO prepares and exercises to deter potential aggression throughout the Cold War 1979 Second oil crisis 1979 Soviet Union invades Afghanistan 1980 Start of Iran-Iraq War 1982 Spain joins NATO 1989 Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan 1989 Revolutions spread across Central and Eastern Europe Berlin Wall falls 1990 Germany reunified 1991 Soviet Union dissolves Warsaw Pact disbanded 1991 NATO and countries of Central and Eastern Europe enter into an era of cooperation 1991 NATO’s first Strategic Concept of the post-Cold War period is released to the public 1992 Start of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1993 NATO launches no fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina 1994 NATO establishes Partnership for Peace programme and the Mediterranean Dialogue 1995 Allies and partners send peacekeeping forces to Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 Bosnia Accords signed in Dayton, Ohio 1997 Founding Act between NATO and Russia is signed 1997 Charter between NATO and Ukraine is signed 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO 1999 NATO launches Operation Allied Force to halt the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in Kosovo 2000 First formal meetings between NATO and the European Union 2001 Terrorist attacks in the United States Lord Robertson 2001 Article 5 invoked for the first time in NATO’s history after the attacks of September 11 2001 NATO deploys AWACS to mainland US immediately after 9/11 2001 NATO launches Article 5 Operation Active Endeavour in the Mediterranean in support of the United States 2001 Launch of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan under UNSCR 1386 2002 NATO-Russia Council created 2003 NATO takes command of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan 2003 Start of Iraq War 2003 Terrorist attacks in Istanbul 2004 ...and in Madrid 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia join NATO 2004 NATO offers to cooperate with countries from the broader Middle East region within the Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Jaap de Hoop-Scheffer 2004 Start of NATO Training Mission in Iraq 2004 NATO-led mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina completed 2005 Terrorist attacks in London 2008 Georgia-Russia conflict 2009 Counter-piracy Operation Ocean Shield begins off the Horn of Africa and in the Gulf of Aden 2009 France returns to NATO’s integrated military command at the Strasbourg-Kehl Summit 2009 Albania and Croatia join NATO 2010 NATO adopts a new Strategic Concept Anders Fogh Rasmussen 2010 Signing of the Declaration on Enduring Partnership by the President of Afghanistan and the NATO Secretary General 2011 Afghan forces start taking charge of their country’s security 2011 Arab Spring 2011 NATO launches and completes Operation Unified Protector for Libya 2011 End of NATO’s training mission in Iraq 2012 Deployment of Patriot batteries to augment Turkey’s air defences as violence continues in Syria 2012 World continues to grapple with fiscal austerity 2012-2013 NATO enhances global partnerships 2013 Protests in Ukraine 2014 Russia illegally annexes Crimea 2014 ISIL terrorises populations, worsening crises in Syria and Iraq 2014 NATO initiates assurance measures for member countries 2014 Readiness Action Plan adopted at Wales Summit to counter new threats and challenges 2014 Afghan forces assume full responsibility for security from NATO-led International Security Assistance Force - ISAF 2015 The Resolute Support mission succeeds ISAF 2015 Terrorist attacks in Paris, Copenhagen, Brussels and Ankara 2015 Immigration crisis in Europe 2015 NATO continues to enhance capabilities to face emerging security challenges